Immigration

1. Describe the causes of the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Because of the immigration, America became more popular because Europeans wanted to live independant and the Chinese and Japanese wanted high American wages.


2. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.



Immigrants were crowded together, they were unable to get fresh air, had to share bunks and toilets because of this diseases spread quickly and some died before they even got there. At Ellis Island they had to pass a physical examination by a doctor and if they had a disease then they were sent home. They had to meet legal requirements as well. At Angel Island Chinese immigrants were asked harsh questions and had to wait in a dirty room to find out their answers.

Labor Unions & Big Business

Worker Activism in the Industrial Age, 1877–1900

Directions: Using your textbook readings and the additional reading supplied on the pdf file, Labor Unions, fill in the requested information about the three major strikes.

	Haymarket Riot (1866)	Railroad Strikes (1877)	Pullman Strike (1893)
Immediate Cause(s)	a worker had been killed and several others had been hurt the previous day	second wage cut in two months	Wages made lower and rent wasn't changed.
Unions and Union Leaders Involved	Radical Anarchists and craft unions		ARU (American Railway Union) Eugene Debs
Workers’ Demands	protesting police brutality, wanted voluntary cooperation to to replace all government		restore wages and decrease rents
Workers’ Tactics	mass strikes, one bomb went off at Haymarket Square.		strike agains products, Debs wouldnt use pullman cars
Employers’ Reactions			sent a committee to Pullman to protest his policies. Went on strike
Government Involvement (State or Federal)	chicago police mobilized to prevent disorder. Anarchists were tried in court.	Upheld Granger laws	United states Attorney General Richard Olney,President Grover Cleveland sent troops to Chicago,ostensibly to protect the mails but in reality to crush the strike
Public Reaction and Its Causes	revived middle-class fear of radicalism and drew attention to the discontent of laborers.		Within a month strikers gave in
Outcome	Mass arrests of anarchists and unionists, including the conviction of 8 anarchists for the bombing although evidence was questionable.	the president interfered and federal troops ended the strike	Debs was jailed, Pullman fired most of the stirkers, and the railroads backlisted many others so that they could no longer get railroad jobs.

Significance

Read Chapter 14-3 and then identify the significance of each of the following terms / names (pg.447):

Andrew Carnegie: One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune.

Social Darwinism: Economists found a way to justify the doctrine laizzes faire ("allow to do").

John D. Rockefeller: Established the Standard Oil Company.

Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries.

Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886.

American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between representatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, and working conditions.

Eugene V. Debs: Attempted to form an industrial union-The American Railway Union.

Industrial Workers of the World: A group made of radical unionists and socialists in Chicago. Included miners, lumberers, and cannery and dock workers. Welcomed African Americans.

Mary Harris Jones: Most prominent organizer in the women's labor movement. Later organized for the United Mine Workers of America.

Railroad Development

The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads? (pg.442)

The government was so eager to promote the growth of railroads because they had realized that the railroads were important for settling the West and devolping the country.

Expansion of Industry

What were the three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the United States after the Civil War? Explain how two of these factors helped to bring about this technological boom.

The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom are the power of electricity, inventions, and the Besser process. Since people were'nt used to electricity and these different inventions, everyone was trying to get their hands on it and made a bunch of factories because these inventions made it easier for the factory workers.

Westward Expansion Questions

1. What are some of the main reasons that the federal government's policy of assimilation failed?

The policy of assimilation might have failed because of the promise that didnt happen when they told the Native Americans that they wouls give 160 acres to each head of household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult,and they also didnt give them their money from the sale of the land. Also the tourists and fur traders would shoot buffalo as a sport and were messing up the Indians' main supply for most of their everyday items.

Think About:

Native Americans' way of life
Cultural differences
Attitude of whites toward Native Americans
Government promises

2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.

I think that they were pretty successful because as soon as they made the railroad tracks,it brought in a bunch of people for example, in Nebraska there was 44 percent of immigrants and more than 70 in Minnesota and Wisconsin.

Think about:

The growth in population on the Great Plains
The role of railroads in the economy
The Homestead Act