Worker Activism in the Industrial Age, 1877–1900
Directions: Using your textbook readings and the additional reading supplied on the pdf file, Labor Unions, fill in the requested information about the three major strikes.
| Haymarket Riot (1866) | Railroad Strikes (1877) | Pullman Strike (1893) | |
| Immediate Cause(s) | a worker had been killed and several others had been hurt the previous day | second wage cut in two months | Wages made lower and rent wasn't changed. |
| Unions and Union Leaders Involved | Radical Anarchists and craft unions | ARU (American Railway Union) Eugene Debs | |
| Workers’ Demands | protesting police brutality, wanted voluntary cooperation to to replace all government | restore wages and decrease rents | |
| Workers’ Tactics | mass strikes, one bomb went off at Haymarket Square. | strike agains products, Debs wouldnt use pullman cars | |
| Employers’ Reactions | sent a committee to Pullman to protest his policies. Went on strike | ||
| Government Involvement (State or Federal) | chicago police mobilized to prevent disorder. Anarchists were tried in court. | Upheld Granger laws | United states Attorney General Richard Olney,President Grover Cleveland sent troops to Chicago,ostensibly to protect the mails but in reality to crush the strike |
| Public Reaction and Its Causes | revived middle-class fear of radicalism and drew attention to the discontent of laborers. | Within a month strikers gave in | |
| Outcome | Mass arrests of anarchists and unionists, including the conviction of 8 anarchists for the bombing although evidence was questionable. | the president interfered and federal troops ended the strike | Debs was jailed, Pullman fired most of the stirkers, and the railroads backlisted many others so that they could no longer get railroad jobs. |
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