Chapter 19-4 (pg 604)
1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
Creation of an international orginization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
Establishing the 9 new nations.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
It contained war-guilt clause which forced Germany to admit that they had started the war, There was no way that Germany could pay the huge financial reparations, and it ignored claims of colonized people for self-determination.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He was suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggression.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
He went on an 8,000 mile tour and gave 34 speeches in 3 weeks explaining why the U.S. should join the league of nations.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf
Hitler?
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
The French premier who had lived through 2 German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
The British prime minister.
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI - The War at Home
Please read Chapter 19-3 (pg 594)
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board: encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency.
2. Railroad Administration: controlled the railroads
3. Fuel Administration: monitered coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil. People adopted "gasless Sundays" and "lightless nights" to conserve fuel. Introduced daylight savings.
4. National War Labor Board: it was either you worked or you would fight in the war. Also worked to improve factory conditions.
5. Food Administration: to help produce and conserve food.
6. Committee on Public Information: persuaded people to do things. For example they created paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts: a person could be fined up tp $10,000 and sentenced 20 years in prison for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch reorganized the war industries board and was the leader. George Creel was the head of the CPI.
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board: encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency.
2. Railroad Administration: controlled the railroads
3. Fuel Administration: monitered coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil. People adopted "gasless Sundays" and "lightless nights" to conserve fuel. Introduced daylight savings.
4. National War Labor Board: it was either you worked or you would fight in the war. Also worked to improve factory conditions.
5. Food Administration: to help produce and conserve food.
6. Committee on Public Information: persuaded people to do things. For example they created paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts: a person could be fined up tp $10,000 and sentenced 20 years in prison for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch reorganized the war industries board and was the leader. George Creel was the head of the CPI.
Thursday, December 3, 2009
The U.S. enters World War I
19-2 (pg 587)
1. How did the United States raise an army?
They passed the Selective Service Act, which required men to register with government in order to be randomly selected for military service.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
About $338 billion.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
22 million deaths and civilians were more than half of them, 110,000 military deaths (48,ooo in battle & 62,000 from disease), more than 200,000 were wounded, and 10 million became refugees.
5. Define armistice.
Truce.
1. How did the United States raise an army?
They passed the Selective Service Act, which required men to register with government in order to be randomly selected for military service.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
About $338 billion.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
22 million deaths and civilians were more than half of them, 110,000 military deaths (48,ooo in battle & 62,000 from disease), more than 200,000 were wounded, and 10 million became refugees.
5. Define armistice.
Truce.
Monday, November 30, 2009
World War I Begins
Chapter 19-1 (pg 578)
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
Militarism,alliance system,imperialism,and nationalism. Militarism was the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, all of the other countries are trying to back each of their allies up and declaring war on one another.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
Germany invaded Belgium.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
They felt that the war didn't threaten American lives or property.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Socialists criticized the war as a capitalists and imperialists struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East. Pacifists believed that war was evil and that the U.S should set an example of peace to the world. Parents just didn't want their sons to experience the horrors of warfare. Naturalized citizens still had ties to the nations from which they had emigrated.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany responded with a counterblockade by submarines and any British or allied ship found in the waters around Britain would be sunk. The U.S. had a protest to Germany.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
Germany said that they would sink all ships in the British waters, hostile or neutral.
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
Militarism,alliance system,imperialism,and nationalism. Militarism was the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, all of the other countries are trying to back each of their allies up and declaring war on one another.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
Germany invaded Belgium.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
They felt that the war didn't threaten American lives or property.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Socialists criticized the war as a capitalists and imperialists struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East. Pacifists believed that war was evil and that the U.S should set an example of peace to the world. Parents just didn't want their sons to experience the horrors of warfare. Naturalized citizens still had ties to the nations from which they had emigrated.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Germany responded with a counterblockade by submarines and any British or allied ship found in the waters around Britain would be sunk. The U.S. had a protest to Germany.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
Germany said that they would sink all ships in the British waters, hostile or neutral.
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
America as a World Power
Read America as a World Power (pps. 565 - 571) Answer the following questions
1. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?
Roosevelt meditated peace negotiations.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
They needed a shortcut across Central America. The United States needed to get permission from Columbia before building the canal.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
Roosevelt was reminding people that the Monroe Doctrine demanded that European countries stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations.
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
He arranged for American bankers to loan Nicaragua enough money to pay its debts. But the bankers got things in return.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
It expanded its access to foriegn markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy (the panama canal), the U.S. built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad, and the U.S. exercised its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America (Roosevelt Corollary).
1. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?
Roosevelt meditated peace negotiations.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
They needed a shortcut across Central America. The United States needed to get permission from Columbia before building the canal.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
Roosevelt was reminding people that the Monroe Doctrine demanded that European countries stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations.
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
He arranged for American bankers to loan Nicaragua enough money to pay its debts. But the bankers got things in return.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
It expanded its access to foriegn markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy (the panama canal), the U.S. built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad, and the U.S. exercised its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America (Roosevelt Corollary).
Monday, November 2, 2009
Spanish-American War
1. What connections did the U.S. have to Cuba in the late 1800s? List at least two.
2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
Where hundreds of thousands of Cuban peasants were herded into towns policed by Spanish troops. They lacked adequate food, housing, and sanitation.
3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. People felt bad about what was going on in Cuba.
b. The insult towards President McKinley.
c. The U.S.S Maine blowing up.
4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
Probably the insult about President McKinley because the U.S.S Maine they had no proof that the Spanish did it and to go to war with someone because you feel bad for people is a really dumb reason.
5. What did the Teller Amendment say?
The U.S had no interest in asserting "sovereignty,jurisdiction,or control" over Cuba and promised to "leave the government and control of the island to its people" once peace was restored.
6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
7. Dewey’s victory in the _Phillippines_ sparked an outpouring of _pride_ in the United States.
8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
9. a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
They felt that the war was an opportunity to elevate the status of blacks in the United States.
b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
They were denied promotion into the officer corps and the War Department officials assumed that black soldiers were better suited to Cuba's tropical climate and more likely to withstand tropical diseases.
10. How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Give two examples of events where racism affected U.S. policy after the war.
a.
b.
2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
Where hundreds of thousands of Cuban peasants were herded into towns policed by Spanish troops. They lacked adequate food, housing, and sanitation.
3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. People felt bad about what was going on in Cuba.
b. The insult towards President McKinley.
c. The U.S.S Maine blowing up.
4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
Probably the insult about President McKinley because the U.S.S Maine they had no proof that the Spanish did it and to go to war with someone because you feel bad for people is a really dumb reason.
5. What did the Teller Amendment say?
The U.S had no interest in asserting "sovereignty,jurisdiction,or control" over Cuba and promised to "leave the government and control of the island to its people" once peace was restored.
6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
7. Dewey’s victory in the _Phillippines_ sparked an outpouring of _pride_ in the United States.
8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
9. a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
They felt that the war was an opportunity to elevate the status of blacks in the United States.
b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
They were denied promotion into the officer corps and the War Department officials assumed that black soldiers were better suited to Cuba's tropical climate and more likely to withstand tropical diseases.
10. How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Give two examples of events where racism affected U.S. policy after the war.
a.
b.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Imperialism: The Origins of a Global Power
1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
Hawaii offered a stopping point for American ships en route to East Asia and the islands' rich volcanic soil was ideal for growing profitable tropical crops such as sugar,pineapples,and coffe. Cleveland believed that annexation would corrupt traditional American values of freedom and equality. I agree.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
America's self-image,the values that shaped the U.S.,immigration,urban growth,agriculture. The immigrants themselves were broadening America's ethnic diversity. By the end of the nineteenth century,one-third of Americans were city dwellers. Agriculture began to slip from its central place in American society and by the end of the 19th century,manufacturing had overtaken agriculture as the leading source of national wealth.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
More than 5 hundred banks and 16 thousand businesses went bankrupt. Also millions of Americans lost their jobs. This mostly effected farmers because the depression worsened a slump in income that had started in 1888.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
Resourcefulness,bravery,pragmatism,ingenuity,individualism,egalitarianism,and patriotism.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
The senators and governors felt that the time was ripe and the United States had territorial control from east to west,Native Americans had been quelled,and the issue of slavery had been resolved.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
They believed that expansion would help the United States gain greater political power. The imperialists believed that America's mission was to expand across the continent and they held that the course of history was pointing the U.S abroad.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
Hawaii offered a stopping point for American ships en route to East Asia and the islands' rich volcanic soil was ideal for growing profitable tropical crops such as sugar,pineapples,and coffe. Cleveland believed that annexation would corrupt traditional American values of freedom and equality. I agree.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
America's self-image,the values that shaped the U.S.,immigration,urban growth,agriculture. The immigrants themselves were broadening America's ethnic diversity. By the end of the nineteenth century,one-third of Americans were city dwellers. Agriculture began to slip from its central place in American society and by the end of the 19th century,manufacturing had overtaken agriculture as the leading source of national wealth.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
More than 5 hundred banks and 16 thousand businesses went bankrupt. Also millions of Americans lost their jobs. This mostly effected farmers because the depression worsened a slump in income that had started in 1888.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
Resourcefulness,bravery,pragmatism,ingenuity,individualism,egalitarianism,and patriotism.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
The senators and governors felt that the time was ripe and the United States had territorial control from east to west,Native Americans had been quelled,and the issue of slavery had been resolved.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
They believed that expansion would help the United States gain greater political power. The imperialists believed that America's mission was to expand across the continent and they held that the course of history was pointing the U.S abroad.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Spanish-American War (1898)
pg 552
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
2. José Martí
He organized Cuban resistance against Spain,using an active guerrillia campaign and deliberately destroying property.
3. Valeriano Weyler
Tried to crush the rebellion by herding the entire rural population of central and western Cuba into barbedwired concentration camps.
4. Yellow journalism
A style of writing which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers.
5. De Lôme letter
Criticizied President McKinley and was leaked into the newspaper.
6. U.S.S. Maine
The ship blew up in the harbor of Havana.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
8. Puerto Rico
9. Guam
10. Philippine Islands
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
2. José Martí
He organized Cuban resistance against Spain,using an active guerrillia campaign and deliberately destroying property.
3. Valeriano Weyler
Tried to crush the rebellion by herding the entire rural population of central and western Cuba into barbedwired concentration camps.
4. Yellow journalism
A style of writing which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers.
5. De Lôme letter
Criticizied President McKinley and was leaked into the newspaper.
6. U.S.S. Maine
The ship blew up in the harbor of Havana.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
8. Puerto Rico
9. Guam
10. Philippine Islands
U.S. Imperialism Begins
pg 548
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
Desire for military strength,new markets,and belief for cultural superiority.
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
Military strength: Other nations were creating their own militaries so Americans decided that they should work on building up the strength of their military.
New markets: Farmers and factories produced more products than they needed because of the advances in technology.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
It was when William Seward had bought Alaska and people called it that because they thougt it was a silly thing to do.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The sugar plantations and they were controlled by the Americans.
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
They were interested because they needed a new base for their navy and they also knew that they could make a lot of money off the fish in the ocean.
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
Desire for military strength,new markets,and belief for cultural superiority.
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
Military strength: Other nations were creating their own militaries so Americans decided that they should work on building up the strength of their military.
New markets: Farmers and factories produced more products than they needed because of the advances in technology.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
It was when William Seward had bought Alaska and people called it that because they thougt it was a silly thing to do.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The sugar plantations and they were controlled by the Americans.
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
They were interested because they needed a new base for their navy and they also knew that they could make a lot of money off the fish in the ocean.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Child labor reform photographs
Objective Assessment
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
A little girl who looks about maybe 11 yrs old,paint coming off the walls,messy hair,looks like she's in some sort of factory,light only coming from windows. She is at the Whitnel cotton mill,clothing looks like its been worn a lot which might mean that she works almost/or all day.
Photograph B
5 girls,messy hair,not the best clothes,dirty,one girl looks like her shoulders are uneven or might have a hunch back. Was taken at the Bibb Mfg.Co. in Macon Georgia,because of their clothes they're probably poor and work all day. Some of their faces look like they're really tired and could take more than a nap.
Photograph C
Little girl in a cotton mill again,looks about 5 yrs old,has no shoes on,bunch of cotton on the floor,her clothes look like they made it out of a sheet or something,really small not sure how she was able to use the spinner. Mills are full of children,say this little girl was working steadily and they're not sure why she's there,she just happened to be there.
Photograph D
A small boy who looks about 4,selling newspapers,looks a little lost or scared,this one actually has shoes on. He's downtown on a saturday afternoon,waiting for someone to buy his newspapers but everyone is just walking by him.
Photograph E
Very dark hardly any light,all boys in there and I don't see any men,really dirty,the windows look broken or covered in dirt. Coal co.,since they work in a coal mine all day its bad for their lungs and since they're boys it could kill them easily. There were slave-drivers who stood over them prodding and kicking them into obedience making sure they were doing what they're supposed to.
Photograph F
Photograph G
Photograph H
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
A little girl who looks about maybe 11 yrs old,paint coming off the walls,messy hair,looks like she's in some sort of factory,light only coming from windows. She is at the Whitnel cotton mill,clothing looks like its been worn a lot which might mean that she works almost/or all day.
Photograph B
5 girls,messy hair,not the best clothes,dirty,one girl looks like her shoulders are uneven or might have a hunch back. Was taken at the Bibb Mfg.Co. in Macon Georgia,because of their clothes they're probably poor and work all day. Some of their faces look like they're really tired and could take more than a nap.
Photograph C
Little girl in a cotton mill again,looks about 5 yrs old,has no shoes on,bunch of cotton on the floor,her clothes look like they made it out of a sheet or something,really small not sure how she was able to use the spinner. Mills are full of children,say this little girl was working steadily and they're not sure why she's there,she just happened to be there.
Photograph D
A small boy who looks about 4,selling newspapers,looks a little lost or scared,this one actually has shoes on. He's downtown on a saturday afternoon,waiting for someone to buy his newspapers but everyone is just walking by him.
Photograph E
Very dark hardly any light,all boys in there and I don't see any men,really dirty,the windows look broken or covered in dirt. Coal co.,since they work in a coal mine all day its bad for their lungs and since they're boys it could kill them easily. There were slave-drivers who stood over them prodding and kicking them into obedience making sure they were doing what they're supposed to.
Photograph F
Photograph G
Photograph H
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Progressive Era
pg.534
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
He was hand picked by Teddy Rosevelt.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
The split between Taft and Roosevelt.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
He supported small businesses and characterized all business monopolies as evil and said that he had felt they were a threat.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
Giving women the right to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War II affect the reform movement?
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
He was hand picked by Teddy Rosevelt.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
The split between Taft and Roosevelt.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
He supported small businesses and characterized all business monopolies as evil and said that he had felt they were a threat.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
Giving women the right to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War II affect the reform movement?
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Urbanzation
pg.468
1. What is Urbanization?
1. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization is the growth of cities, but mostly in the regions of the Northeast and Midwest.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
They were the most cheapest and convenient places to live. Cities offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories. People moved to cities to find whatever jobs they could.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Rooms were cramped and overcrowded, unsanitary, and if people bought a house on the outskirts of town then transportation was a problem as well.
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Immigration
1. Describe the causes of the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Because of the immigration, America became more popular because Europeans wanted to live independant and the Chinese and Japanese wanted high American wages.
2. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.
Immigrants were crowded together, they were unable to get fresh air, had to share bunks and toilets because of this diseases spread quickly and some died before they even got there. At Ellis Island they had to pass a physical examination by a doctor and if they had a disease then they were sent home. They had to meet legal requirements as well. At Angel Island Chinese immigrants were asked harsh questions and had to wait in a dirty room to find out their answers.
Because of the immigration, America became more popular because Europeans wanted to live independant and the Chinese and Japanese wanted high American wages.
2. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.
Immigrants were crowded together, they were unable to get fresh air, had to share bunks and toilets because of this diseases spread quickly and some died before they even got there. At Ellis Island they had to pass a physical examination by a doctor and if they had a disease then they were sent home. They had to meet legal requirements as well. At Angel Island Chinese immigrants were asked harsh questions and had to wait in a dirty room to find out their answers.
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Labor Unions & Big Business
Worker Activism in the Industrial Age, 1877–1900
Directions: Using your textbook readings and the additional reading supplied on the pdf file, Labor Unions, fill in the requested information about the three major strikes.
| Haymarket Riot (1866) | Railroad Strikes (1877) | Pullman Strike (1893) | |
| Immediate Cause(s) | a worker had been killed and several others had been hurt the previous day | second wage cut in two months | Wages made lower and rent wasn't changed. |
| Unions and Union Leaders Involved | Radical Anarchists and craft unions | ARU (American Railway Union) Eugene Debs | |
| Workers’ Demands | protesting police brutality, wanted voluntary cooperation to to replace all government | restore wages and decrease rents | |
| Workers’ Tactics | mass strikes, one bomb went off at Haymarket Square. | strike agains products, Debs wouldnt use pullman cars | |
| Employers’ Reactions | sent a committee to Pullman to protest his policies. Went on strike | ||
| Government Involvement (State or Federal) | chicago police mobilized to prevent disorder. Anarchists were tried in court. | Upheld Granger laws | United states Attorney General Richard Olney,President Grover Cleveland sent troops to Chicago,ostensibly to protect the mails but in reality to crush the strike |
| Public Reaction and Its Causes | revived middle-class fear of radicalism and drew attention to the discontent of laborers. | Within a month strikers gave in | |
| Outcome | Mass arrests of anarchists and unionists, including the conviction of 8 anarchists for the bombing although evidence was questionable. | the president interfered and federal troops ended the strike | Debs was jailed, Pullman fired most of the stirkers, and the railroads backlisted many others so that they could no longer get railroad jobs. |
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
Significance
Read Chapter 14-3 and then identify the significance of each of the following terms / names (pg.447):
Andrew Carnegie: One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune.
Social Darwinism: Economists found a way to justify the doctrine laizzes faire ("allow to do").
John D. Rockefeller: Established the Standard Oil Company.
Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries.
Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between representatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, and working conditions.
Eugene V. Debs: Attempted to form an industrial union-The American Railway Union.
Industrial Workers of the World: A group made of radical unionists and socialists in Chicago. Included miners, lumberers, and cannery and dock workers. Welcomed African Americans.
Mary Harris Jones: Most prominent organizer in the women's labor movement. Later organized for the United Mine Workers of America.
Andrew Carnegie: One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune.
Social Darwinism: Economists found a way to justify the doctrine laizzes faire ("allow to do").
John D. Rockefeller: Established the Standard Oil Company.
Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries.
Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between representatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, and working conditions.
Eugene V. Debs: Attempted to form an industrial union-The American Railway Union.
Industrial Workers of the World: A group made of radical unionists and socialists in Chicago. Included miners, lumberers, and cannery and dock workers. Welcomed African Americans.
Mary Harris Jones: Most prominent organizer in the women's labor movement. Later organized for the United Mine Workers of America.
Monday, September 14, 2009
Railroad Development
The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads? (pg.442)
The government was so eager to promote the growth of railroads because they had realized that the railroads were important for settling the West and devolping the country.
The government was so eager to promote the growth of railroads because they had realized that the railroads were important for settling the West and devolping the country.
Saturday, September 12, 2009
Expansion of Industry
What were the three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the United States after the Civil War? Explain how two of these factors helped to bring about this technological boom.
The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom are the power of electricity, inventions, and the Besser process. Since people were'nt used to electricity and these different inventions, everyone was trying to get their hands on it and made a bunch of factories because these inventions made it easier for the factory workers.
The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom are the power of electricity, inventions, and the Besser process. Since people were'nt used to electricity and these different inventions, everyone was trying to get their hands on it and made a bunch of factories because these inventions made it easier for the factory workers.
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
Westward Expansion Questions
1. What are some of the main reasons that the federal government's policy of assimilation failed?
The policy of assimilation might have failed because of the promise that didnt happen when they told the Native Americans that they wouls give 160 acres to each head of household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult,and they also didnt give them their money from the sale of the land. Also the tourists and fur traders would shoot buffalo as a sport and were messing up the Indians' main supply for most of their everyday items.
Think About:
The policy of assimilation might have failed because of the promise that didnt happen when they told the Native Americans that they wouls give 160 acres to each head of household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult,and they also didnt give them their money from the sale of the land. Also the tourists and fur traders would shoot buffalo as a sport and were messing up the Indians' main supply for most of their everyday items.
Think About:
Native Americans' way of life
Cultural differences
Attitude of whites toward Native Americans
Government promises
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
I think that they were pretty successful because as soon as they made the railroad tracks,it brought in a bunch of people for example, in Nebraska there was 44 percent of immigrants and more than 70 in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Think about:
The growth in population on the Great Plains
The role of railroads in the economy
The Homestead Act
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